The map below shows the output of the Surface Currents from Diagnostic (SCUD) model, an attempt to simulate where and how that debris would disperse. Orange and red shaded areas represent parcels of water with a high probably of containing floating debris. The deeper the red color, the higher the likely concentration. The debris field stretches roughly 5,000 kilometers by 2,000 kilometers across the North Pacific.

Image courtesy Nasa Earth Observatory

The model begins with more than 678,000 “tracers” being released from various points along the northeastern coast of Japan on March 11, 2011. The initial distribution is based on the density of population and development. The still image above shows the predicted distribution of debris by April 3, 2012.

The SCUD model was developed by Nikolai Maximenko and Jan Hafner of the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) at the University of Hawaii. Using real satellite data on sea surface height and on ocean surface winds—as well as information from scientific drifting buoy networks—the IPRC team makes daily maps of surface currents. Hafner and Maximenko have also collected reports of debris sightings in the ocean, which have so far validated what the model tells them.

Debris was initially carried by the potent Kuroshio Current, which whips past eastern Japan much like the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic. The Kuroshio carries surface waters northeast, before eventually turning east in the Kuroshio Extension and then the North Pacific Current. Some debris should reach the west coast of North America within a year or two, while much of it is likely to end up in the floating debris field in the middle of the North Pacific Gyre that is referred to as “the garbage patch.”

As of April 3, 2012, there had been very few reports of debris at Midway Island and Kure Atoll. North winds have been minimal in recent months, and ocean currents have favored keeping the debris from the island. But those currents may be shifting, Hafner noted, and debris should eventually wash up with greater frequency.

Observers in Canada recently detected an abandoned 150-foot Japanese fishing vessel floating offshore of British Columbia. Other reports of debris in Washington and Hawaii came in months ago. But in most cases, the objects were larger and standing above the water line, where they could be pushed like sails at higher speeds. The model shown above tracks objects sitting at or just below the water line.

Text , pictures and video : courtesy Nasa Earth Observatory

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The losses in the reinsurance domain for 2011 have been the largest cumulative annual loss in history for earthquakes. This will be seen in the following section. The table below shows the insured loss ranges for each damaging earthquake with insurance loss in 2011. Many more details are available on earthquake-report.com.

Table 5 – List of insured losses in earthquakes in 2011 so far over $1m

The Maule, Chile, earthquake in 2010 represented the 3^rd highest absolute insurance loss from an earthquake. The two major economic loss earthquakes this year (Tohoku and Christchurch) have now slotted into number 1 and number 3 on the all-time insured losses rankings in CATDAT from earthquakes.

Table 6 – List of highest insured losses (1900-2011) in 2011 Country CPI adjusted $ international

The two most impacting largest earthquakes of the year will now be compared. In comparison to last year, both Japan and New Zealand have very high development and were both able to cover their economic and social losses internally; yet much aid was still given internationally for these disasters.

Table 7 – A comparison of the Christchurch and Tohoku earthquakes in terms of numbers

• 4 A quick comparison of the 2011 Losses to the CATDAT Damaging Earthquakes Database since 1900

In the next section, a few diagrams will be shown to demonstrate the holistic comparison of the year 2011 in terms of earthquake losses compared with other years. It can be seen quite clearly that the year 2011 has eclipsed all other years in terms of loss, even beating the 2011 dollar-adjusted value of the Great Kanto earthquake in 1923. Since 1900, 2.128 trillion USD (2011) damage has occurred due to earthquakes worldwide, with 17% of it occurring in 2011.

In terms of total economic losses including indirect effects for major earthquakes, the Tohoku earthquake this year are predicted to have approximately $260 billion US of indirect losses due to global supply chain impacts, business interruption, associated losses and other indirect effects. The overall losses including indirect effects due to earthquakes are now approximately $3.14 trillion US (2011-adjusted) since 1900, of which approximately 20% has occurred in the year 2011 (around $624.5 billion US in total losses).

Figure 12 – Yearly Direct Economic Losses from CATDAT Damaging Earthquakes showing 2011 as the highest
loss year of the past 111 years.

In terms of death tolls, the approximately 20000 killed this year is about on the annual average for the past 111 years. Over the past 111 years, the average death toll has been 21800 deaths per year. The interesting fact is that this was the highest death toll year in developed nations versus developing nations.

Figure 13 – Yearly Earthquake and Secondary Effect deaths in CATDAT for developing and developed nations through time – 2011 shows the largest death toll from a developed nation (HDI (2011) > 0.8)

A figure showing the effects of worldwide earthquakes in the past in terms of direct economic losses (in this diagram, the Japanese disaster was pegged at $253.5 billion US) and also deaths can be seen.

Figure 14 – Major event losses in the CATDAT damaging earthquakes database from 1900-2011 (Daniell, 2003-2011a)

The following diagram shows the worldwide relationship of cumulative deaths versus population, and direct and total economic losses versus worldwide GDP (Purchasing Power Parity adjusted). It can be seen that, currently, the death toll from earthquakes is reducing versus increasing population, hopefully showing that better disaster mitigation, management and preparedness is occurring worldwide, as well as better building practices.

The trend in terms of economic losses was one of a reasonably linear nature until the Tohoku event of this year. The data has been 2011 adjusted in terms of economic losses. The trend now shows an increase with respect to GDP in the last year.

Figure 15 –Cumulative deaths and economic losses related to global 2011-dollar GDP (PPP) and population.

• 5 Conclusion

2011 has been the highest economic loss year on record from earthquakes and secondary effects, but a less than average year for fatalities directly from earthquake shaking. Including tsunami and secondary effects, this represents a below average year for deaths from earthquakes. With around 57.8 million people dying this year around the world, around 0.035% have been due to earthquakes and tsunamis.

In Japan, the earthquake and tsunami accounted for 1.6% of deaths in the country in 2011. In NZ, the earthquake accounted for 0.62% of deaths in the country in 2011 or 4.6% of deaths in the Canterbury region in 2011. The Turkish earthquakes of 23^rd October and 9^th November caused 5.6% of deaths in the Van Province in 2011, yet less than 0.2% of deaths nationally in Turkey.

Direct economic losses for the year totalled around $365 billion US ($335 billion US of which was from the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake). This is approximately 0.37% of the World GDP this year.

There is also much potential observed through CATDAT earthquake data from the past 110 years for further insurance potential in lower HDI locations where rapid development is occurring, leading to increasing economic losses if an earthquake occurs.

The CATDAT Damaging Earthquake database contains much data suitable for use in many sectors from earthquake loss estimation, to risk mapping, for insurance purposes and simply as a validated dataset to reduce the erratic values of socio-economic losses quoted wrongly throughout a number of sources. It has been shown that the traditional view that social and economic losses are increasing exponentially should be treated with caution. The dataset contains many more earthquakes with socio-economic data than other earthquake databases and additionally much trend analysis and hopefully this has led to more populated trends. Large natural disaster losses are extremely difficult to quantify using a single number. Thus, CATDAT utilises a lower bound, upper bound and best estimate value, using expert judgement; yet also presents all data to the user.

With the advent of earthquake-report.com reporting 24 hours a day, 365.2422 days per year, the Worldwide CATDAT Damaging Earthquakes Database is now also updated in real time. 2011 has been the first entire year that has been covered and we hope that with your support and funding that we can continue the service in 2012 and the coming years.

Over 12300 earthquakes show over 8.49 million deaths since the beginning of earthquake records. Earthquakes in the 20^th and 21^st centuries have already caused approximately $3.14 trillion (2011 HNDECI-Adjusted int. dollars) damage (of this around 20% has occurred in 2011, mostly due to Tohoku). Collection of building damage for historic earthquakes demonstrates the vulnerability of traditional building stocks such as masonry, adobe and badly constructed reinforced concrete. However, given the population increase around the world, there has been a significant reduction in loss of life due to earthquakes compared to what should be expected. This has come through a combination of country development, implementation of better building practice to resist earthquake forces and a more stable world, allowing for earthquake insurance and protection of financial assets.

Many of the references for this paper are included in associated papers and over 19000 individual sources of information have been used to create the data in the CATDAT damaging earthquakes database.

Man sagt oft : Zahlen regieren die Welt.
Sicher ist nur: Zahlen zeigen wie sie regiert wird.

It is often said: Figures rule the world. The only sure thing is: Figures show how it is ruled.

J.W. Goethe (1749-1832)

• 6 Main References

Given the fact that over 19000 individual sources of information have been used in the CATDAT Damaging Earthquakes database, only the main references will be shown in this list. Please refer to the following papers for more information or email me to get more details.

Daniell, J.E. [2003-2011a] “The CATDAT Damaging Earthquakes Database”, searchable integrated historical global catastrophe database, Digital Database, updates v1.0 to latest update v5.0328 – nb. v0.0-v0.99 refers to all work and updates done 2003 to 2007.

Vervaeck, A., Daniell, J.E. [2011] “Over 400 earthquake loss estimation related articles on earthquake-report.com related to the rapid loss estimation procedures and calibration of data from 1.01.2011 to 31.12.2011.”, www.earthquake-report.com.

Daniell, J.E. [2003-2011b] “CATDAT Global Economic Databases”, Digital Database, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Daniell, J.E. [2003-2011c] “CATDAT Global Social Databases”, Digital Database, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Daniell, J.E. [2011] “The development of socio‐economic fragility functions for use in worldwide rapid earthquake loss estimation procedures”, PhD Thesis (unpublished), KIT, Karlsruhe

Daniell, J.E., Khazai, B., Wenzel, F., Vervaeck, A. [2011a] “The CATDAT damaging earthquakes database”, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 2235-2251, doi:10.5194/nhess-11-2235-2011, 2011.

Daniell, J.E. [2011b] “The CATDAT Damaging Earthquakes Database – 2010 – Year in Review”, CEDIM Research Report 2011-01, Earthquake-Report OF Report, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Daniell, J.E. [2011c] “The CATDAT Damaging Volcanoes Database – 2010 – Year in Review”, CEDIM Research Report 2011-02, Earthquake-Report OF Report, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Daniell, J.E. [2011d] “The Worldwide CATDAT Damaging Earthquakes and Damaging Volcanoes Databases: Socio-economic trends, values and analysis including 2010”, Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 13, EGU2011-4909.

Daniell, J.E., Vervaeck, A. [2011e] “The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake – CATDAT Situation Reports 1-41”, Earthquake-Report.com.

Daniell, J.E., Gibson, G. [2011f] “A review of all Australian Damaging Earthquakes and their contribution to knowledge of earthquake risk in Australia.”, Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 13, EGU2011-4934.

Daniell, J.E., Khazai, B., Slingby, A. and Wenzel, F. [2011g] “A Country-by-Country Building Inventory and a Building Vulnerability Index for use in different Natural Disaster applications” Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 13, EGU2011-4948-1.

Daniell, J.E. [2011h] “Open Source Procedure for Assessment of Loss using Global Earthquake Modelling software (OPAL)”, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1885-1899, doi:10.5194/nhess-11-1885-2011, 2011. 

Daniell, J.E., Wenzel, F. and Khazai, B. [2011i] “The Economics of Earthquakes since 1900: The Hybrid Natural Disaster Economic Index, Historical Loss Conversion, Future Impacts and Insurance Takeout”, Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 13, EGU2011-4923.

Daniell, J.E., Wenzel, F., Khazai, B. [2011j] “Uncovering the mystery of the Haiti death toll”, Submitted to Disaster Prevention and Management.

Daniell, J.E., Wenzel, F., Vervaeck, A. [2011k] “The Socio-economic effects of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake”, Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 13, EGU2011-14270.

Daniell, J.E., Wenzel, F., Khazai, B. [2011l] “Die Kosten historischer Erdbeben : Ökonomische Analyse der weltweiten Erdbebenschäden seit 1900”, DKKV Paper, DKKV 2011 Conference, Potsdam, Germany.

Daniell, J.E., Wenzel, F. [2011m] “Deterministic Earthquake Scenarios for the Northern Rhine Region (Deterministische Erdbeben Szenarien für die nördliche Rhein-Region”, D-A-CH Tagung Proceedings, Hannover September 2011, pp. 13-24.

Daniell, J.E.; Vervaeck, A.; Wenzel, F. [2011n] “A timeline of the Socio-economic effects of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake with emphasis on the development of a new worldwide rapid earthquake loss estimation procedure”, Australian Earthquake Engineering Society 2011 Conference, Nov 18-20, Barossa Valley, South Australia.

Daniell, J.E., Wenzel, F., Khazai, B., Vervaeck, A. [2011o] “A Country-by-Country Building Inventory and Vulnerability Index for Earthquakes in comparison to historical CATDAT Damaging Earthquakes Database losses” Australian Earthquake Engineering Society 2011 Conference, Nov 18-20, Barossa Valley, South Australia.

Daniell, J.E., Khazai, B., Kunz-Plapp, T., Wenzel, F., Vervaeck, A., Muehr, B., Markus., M., Erdik, M. [2011p] “Comparing the current impact of the Van Earthquake to past earthquakes in Eastern Turkey”, CEDIM Forensic Earthquake Analysis Group – Report #4, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Khazai, B., Daniell, J.E., Wenzel, F. [2011a] “The March 2011 Japan Earthquake – Analysis of losses, impacts, and implications for the understanding of risks posed by extreme events”, Technikfolgenabschätzung – Theorie und Praxis 20. Jg., Heft 3, November 2011.

Khazai, B., Vangelsten, B., Duzgun, S., Braun, J., Daniell, J.E. [2011b] “Social Impacts of Emergency Shelter Provision in the aftermath of Earthquakes: Integrating Social Vulnerability in Systemic Seismic Vulnerability Analysis”, Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 13, EGU2011-7374.

Kunz-Plapp, T., Khazai, B., Daniell, J.E. [2011] “Social Impacts of Earthquakes on Health and Health Care Systems: Integrating Social Vulnerability in Systemic Seismic Vulnerability Analysis”, Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 13, EGU2011-7561.

Slingsby, A., Daniell, J.E., Dykes, J., Wood, J. [2011] “Sharing insights on the impact of natural disasters using Twitter”, Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 13, EGU2011-9171.

Daniell, J.E. [2010a] “Deterministic Earthquake Scenarios for the Northern Rhine Region (Deterministische Erdbeben Szenarien für die nördliche Rhein-Region)”, CEDIM Earthquake Loss Estimation Series, Research Report No. 10-02, CEDIM, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Khazai, B., Daniell, J.E., Apel, H. [2010b] “Risk Analysis Course Manual”, The World Bank Institute, Washington DC.

Daniell, J.E. [2010c] “Open Source Procedure for Assessment of Loss (OPAL Project)”, European Geosciences Union General Assembly, Vienna, Austria.

Daniell, J.E. [2010d] “The socio-economic damage of historical earthquakes and secondary effects on the Asia-Pacific region infrastructure”, Paper No. 0431, 5^th CECAR Conference Proceedings, Sydney, Australia.

Daniell, J.E., Daniell, K.A., Daniell, T.M., Khazai, B. [2010e] “A country level physical and community risk index in the Asia-Pacific region for earthquakes and floods”, Paper No. 0392, 5th CECAR Conference Proceedings, Sydney, Australia.

Daniell, J.E. [2010f] “The CATDAT Damaging Earthquakes Database”, Paper No. 6, AEES 2010 Conference, Perth, Australia.

Daniell, J.E., Love, D. [2010g] “The Socio-economic Impact of Historic Australian Earthquakes”, Paper No. 8, AEES 2010 Conference, Perth, Australia.

Daniell, J.E., Wenzel, F., Khazai, B. [2010h] “The Cost of Historic Earthquakes Today – Economic Analysis since 1900 through the use of CATDAT”, Paper No. 7, AEES 2010 Conference, Perth, Australia.

Daniell, J.E. [2010i] “A complete country-based temporal and spatial Human Development Index – 1800-2010”, Digital Database and Report, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Daniell, J.E. [2010j] “EQLIPSE Building Practice Factor and EQLIPSE Seismic Code Index”, Digital Database and Report, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Daniell, J.E. [2010k] “EQLIPSE Individual Country Building Inventory”, Digital Database and Report, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Daniell, J.E. [2010l] “Country-based Gross Domestic Product through time (1900-2010) and space (244 discretised nations)”, Digital Database and Report, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Daniell, J.E. [2009a] “Open Source Procedure for Assessment of Loss Using Global Earthquake Modelling (OPAL Project)”, CEDIM Earthquake Loss Estimation Series, Research Report No. 09-01, CEDIM, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Daniell, J.E. [2009b] “Open Source Procedure for Assessment of Loss (OPAL Project)”, Australian Earthquake Engineering Society 20th Anniversary Conference Proceedings, Newcastle, Australia, 2009.

Other References

AFAD (2011) “Updates, Reports, Damage Statistics – Van Earthquake”, various reports and data updates from 23/10 to 2/11, URL:http://www.afad.gov.tr

AON [2011] “Annual Global Climate and Catastrophe Report – monthly reports”, Impact Forecasting-2011.

Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) [2011] “GLIDEnumber”. Asian Disaster Reduction Center. Available from http://www.glidenumber.net/glide/public/search/search.jsp

BSSA (Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America) [1911-2011] “Seismological Notes”, various years, checked against other data.

BTE [2001] “Economic Costs of Natural Disasters in Australia”, Bureau of Transport Economics Report 103, Canberra.

Catlin Group Limited [2010] “Catlin News Center”, available from URL: http://www.catlin.com/cgl/media/press_releases/pr_2010/

CERA [2011] “Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority”, URL:www.cera.govt.nz

ChinaLife [2011] “China Life Insurance Company News”, available from URL: www.chinalife.com.cn/

EM-DAT [2008, 2011] “Emergency Management Database”, CRED, Catholic University of Louvain, last accessed 08/2008 and 08/2010 – open data, available from URL: http://www.emdat.be.

FDMA [2011] “Situation Reports 1-142” (in Japanese), FDMA Reports from 11/03/2011 to 01/01/2012, URL:www.fdma.go.jp

Fukushima Prefecture [2011] “Damage, Casualty and Shelter Reports 1-376” (in Japanese), Reports from 11/03/2011 to 28/12/2011, URL:www.pref.fukushima.jp.

Ganse, R.A., Nelson J.B. [1981] “Catalog of significant earthquakes 2000 B.C. to 1979, including quantitative casualties and damage”, Report SE-27, World Data Center A for Solid Earth Geophysics, 145 pp.

Google News [2011] “Google News”, available from URL: http://news.google.com – includes references to all news outlets mentioned in this report.

Gu, G., Lin, T., Shi, Z. [1989] “Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (1831 B.C. – 1969 A.D.)”, Science Press, Beijing, China [English translation].

International Monetary Fund (IMF) [2011] “World Economic Outlook Databases (WEO)”, Online database, available from URL: http://www.imf.org/external/data.htm#data.

Iwate Prefecture [2011] “Damage, Casualty and Shelter Reports” (in Japanese), Reports from 12/03/2011 to 28/12/2011 (over 200 reports), URL:www.pref.iwate.jp.

Japanese Cabinet Office [2011] “Japan estimates quake damage at 16.9 trln yen”, Reuters,  available from URL: http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/24/japan-economy-estimate-idUSL3E7HN3CM20110624.

Japanese Government [2011] “Japan Sees Quake Damage Bill of Up to $309 Billion, Almost Four Katrinas”, Bloomberg, Keiko Ujikane, accessed March 23, 2011.

KOERI [2011] “Türkiye Deprem Kataloğları”, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Istanbul, available from URL: http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/sismo

Melissen, H-J. [2010] “Haiti quake death toll well under 100,000”,  Radio Netherlands Worldwide, 23 February 2010.

Milne [1912] “Catalogue of Destructive Earthquakes A.D. 7–1899”, Report 81st Meeting, Br. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Portsmouth 1911.

Miyagi Prefecture [2011] “Damage, Casualty and Shelter Reports” (in Japanese), Reports from 12/03/2011 to 28/12/2011 (over 300 reports), URL:www.pref.miyagi.jp.

MunichRe (MRNATHAN) [2009] “Globe of Natural Disasters”, MRNATHAN DVD, Munich Reinsurance Company.

MunichRe [2010] “MunichRe Half Yearly NatCat Review”, Webinar, available from URL: http://www.munichreamerica.com/webinars/2010_07_natcatreview/MR_III_2010_HalfYear_NatCat_Review.pdf

NGDC/NOAA [2011] “Significant Earthquakes Database and Significant Tsunami Database”, 2010 online searchable catalogue at http://ngdc.noaa.gov, last accessed 08/2010.

PAGER-CAT [2008] “PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog” as described in Allen, T.I., Marano, K., Earle, P.S., Wald, D.J., 2009 PAGER-CAT: A composite earthquake catalog for calibrating global fatality models: Seism. Res. Lett., v. 80, no. 1, p. 50-56.

PartnerRe [2010] “PartnerRe Press Center”, available from URL: http://www.partnerre.com/news/

ReliefWeb [2011] “OCHA ReliefWeb”, available from URL: http://www.reliefweb.int.

Standard and Poor’s [2010] “Global Reinsurance Highlights: 2010 Edition”, available from URL: http://www2.standardandpoors.com/spf/pdf/fixedincome/global_reinsurance_2010.pdf

Swiss Re. [1999-2011] “Sigma”, Economic Research and Consulting, Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd.

Transparency International [2011] “Global Corruption Report 2011 – Corruption Perceptions Index”.

UN Census Round [2011] “UN Census Round 2010”, Available from URL:  unstats.un.org/unsd/census2010.htm.

UNDP [2011] “Human Development Report 2011”, Oxford University Press, New York.

University of Richmond [2010] “The Disaster Database Project [database on the internet]”, Richmond (VA): University of Richmond, available from URL: http://learning.richmond.edu/disaster/index.cfm.

Urbaninfo [2011] “UrbanInfo v2.0”, UN-HABITAT, available from URL: http://www.devinfo.info/urbaninfo.

USGS [2011] “Earthquake Hazard Programme”, available from URL: http://earthquake.usgs.gov.

USGS [2011] “Historic World Earthquakes”, available from URL: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/ – links to PDE

USGS PAGER [2011] “USGS Pager Updates”, available from URL: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/

Utsu, T. [2002] “A list of deadly earthquakes in the World: 1500-2000”, in Lee, W.K., Kanamori, H., Jennings, P.C., and Kisslinger, C. (eds.), International handbook of earthquake engineering and seismology: Amsterdam, Academic Press, p. 691-717.

World Bank [2010] “GEM (Global Economic Monitor) & World Development Indicators”, online databases, available from URL: http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog.

World Bank [2011] “The Recent Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan: Implications for East Asia”, East Asia and Pacific Economic Update 2011, Vol. 1, accessed March 21, 2011, URL: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEAPHALFYEARLYUPDATE/ Resources/550192-1300567391916/EAP_Update_March2011_japan.pdf.

World Gazetteer [2011] “World Gazetteer Population Database”, online database, available from URL: http://www.world-gazetteer.com/home.htm

• Appendix A: Summary pages of each 2011 damaging earthquake

The following section contains a summary of each 2011 damaging earthquake. Much more information is included in the full database and on earthquake-report.com; however, the section below provides a useful overview. It should be noted that much discrepancy is shown in values, and the author takes no responsibility for misuse. Most data is from government sources. Should the reader require more information, much more data on each earthquake is housed in the CATDAT Damaging Earthquakes database.
Simply email me at j.e.daniell@gmail.com, or use the contact details on the back page. Again, I welcome any feedback, as there will no doubt be discrepancies, additions, possible other sources of information and unbeknown data to me. However, I have done my best to minimise errors.

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PDF VERSION of this report

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May 21, 2012

USA / Death Valley / subterranean waves from Mexico 7.4 earthquake
On March 20 a National Park Service biologist named Jeffrey Goldstein and I descended a rocky incline into the mouth of Devils Hole, a collapsed cave in the Nevada desert 40 miles south of the visitor’s center in Death Valley. Thirty feet down, an arm of water extends out from a deep pool to cover a rock shelf the size of a Ping-Pong table with up to two and a half feet of hot water. This shallow recess is home to 100 much-studied adult Devils Hole pupfish, or Cyprinodon diabolis. Living nowhere else on the planet, the pupfish receive protection from human harm by force of federal law and padlocked gates.  Shortly after 11 A.M., Goldstein was imparting the 10,000-year history of Devils Hole and its piscine denizens to me when the water level began rising and sinking by quarter-inches, then inches, then feet. As we scrambled up the rocky incline, the pool was sucked out of the hole almost entirely with a giant gurgle. It rushed back in, dislodging a metal walkway over the shelf and climbing up the sides of the hole toward us. After a few more gargles and belches, the pool waters returned to a normal level. The rock shelf had been swept clean of vegetation and pupfish eggs. $$$$$

May 1, 2012

Utah / Brick houses retrofitting
It may have escaped your notice during this week’s Great Utah ShakeOut earthquake drill that you live in a house made of  unreinforced brick. There are many such homes along the Wasatch Front, more than 30,000 of them in Salt Lake City alone. That  simple fact could place your life at risk during a major earth tremor as your home collapses around you. Fortunately, there are things you can do to shore up your home. The Utah Seismic Safety Commission has assembled an information kit online at ussc.utah.gov/publications.html. It’s titled, appropriately enough, “The Utah guide for the seismic improvement of unreinforced masonry dwellings.” It includes a primer on the hows and whys of risk posed by these buildings during quakes, and what can be done to improve their safety. Most interesting is a series of six model houses in styles that you will readily recognize from the Salt Lake City area. If you live in a brick house, it probably will resemble one of these examples. $$$$$

April 28, 2012

Science / Early warning
Combining two data sources could bring better warning of earthquakes to millions of people in vulnerable areas of the western United States, researchers say. Scientists at the annual meeting of the Seismological Society of America in San Diego said combining information from GPS monitors to data recorded by a vast network of seismometers already dotting the western states could produce more accurate early warning of powerful earthquakes. The seismometers are currently the only source of information used to alert people in the moments before powerful temblors arrive, they said. $$$$

April 27, 2012

Indian Ocean / April 11 earthquake relation on 2004 tsunami fault
Jakarta  Seismologists say last week’s powerful earthquake off western Indonesia increased pressure on the source of the devastating 2004 tsunami: a fault that could unleash another monster wave sometime in the next few decades. “The spring was pushed a little bit tighter,” said Kerry Sieh, director of the Earth Observatory of Singapore. The timing of another megathrust temblor,  if it’s on the way, “could have been advanced by a few years”, he said. Last week’s 8.6-magnitude earthquake also showed that  tsunami-ravaged Aceh province, close to the epicentre, remains unprepared for the next major event. Though the quake caused little damage, the country’s disaster-management chief acknowledged that evacuation efforts were “a big mess”. $$$

April 26, 2012

Japan / potential destruction in Tokyo area
New estimates announced Wednesday by the Tokyo metropolitan government regarding a possible earthquake with its epicenter in northern Tokyo Bay have revealed that fire damage in areas dense with wooden houses would be twice that of previous estimates made in 2006. Overall predictions of damage from buildings that would collapse or burn down decreased from the previous estimates,  thanks to quake-resistance measures taken for many houses and office buildings. However, damage in areas with many wooden residences was predicted to double because the northern Tokyo Bay earthquake was expected to involve greater intensities than previously thought. $$$$$

April 25, 2012

Thailand / Phuket Thalang earthquake / New seismographs
Three more seismographs have been installed in Phuket’s Thalang district, the epicentre of recent quakes. The Earthquake Measuring and Research Centre set up the seismographs in tambon Sakhoo municipality, to cover the island’s western beaches, tambon Si Sunthorn, which contains Bang Niao dam reservoir, and tambon Pa Khlok municipality. All three locations are on small branches of the Klong Marui fault line, according to Amnat Tantithamsophon, a geologist in Phuket. $$$
Earthquake-Report.com : It took the authorities many hours before they reported the earthquake. At the start the shaking was reported by the local press as caused by a M5.7 earthquake 1000 km from Phuket,  a cause which we denied immediately.  The additional seismographs are a welcome aid to collect data from the Klong Marui fault.
Read also our April 16 reporting here

Sri Lanka / Tsunami preparedness
Strong community awareness and preparedness are being cited for April 11 successful evacuation of more than one million Sri Lankans after a tsunami alert was triggered by an 8.6 magnitude earthquake off the west coast of Sumatra in Indonesia.
“People were well prepared on how to evacuate. Everyone knew what to do, what routes to take,” Major General Gamini Hettiarchchi, the director general of Sri Lanka’s Disaster Management Centre (DMC), On 11 April at 2:08 pm local time, less than an hour after the quake, Sri Lanka’s Metrological Department issued the warning and a call to evacuate to higher ground. Two hours later a second warning was issued following an 8.2 aftershock. $$$$

April 20, 2012

Science / Relation between April 11 Sumatra earthquake and US and Mexico quakes
The 8.6-magnitude earthquake that hit off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia Wednesday was followed by several decent-size shakes along the west coast of North America, but researchers can’t say for certain whether all the temblors were related. It’s possible, geophysicists say, that quakes off the coast of Oregon, Michoacan, Mexico, and in the Gulf of California ranging from magnitudes 5.9 to 6.9 on the Richter Scale had something to do with the large earthquake that struck near Indonesia. But the West Coast quakes were fairly standard for their location. $$$$$

USA / California / San Jose / School closure
The Los Gatos School District cited unexpectedly stricter state demands for seismic safety when it voted suddenly Tuesday to close Lexington School and send its students from the Santa Cruz Mountains to a school in downtown Los Gatos. But the state agency that reviews school plans for geologic hazards said that it has not raised its standards nor is it saying the school site above Lexington reservoir is unusable. Instead, the agency wants the district to realistically assess the hazards — and plan accordingly. “We don’t have an earthquake police,” said Don Drysdale, spokesman for the California Geological Survey. In fact, he said, “We do not have the ability to stop a project.” $$$

April 18, 2012

China / building dams in earthquake zones
More than 130 large dams built, under construction, or proposed in western China’s seismic hazard zones could trigger disastrous environmental consequences such as earthquakes and giant waves, finds a new report from the Canadian watchdog group Probe International. The report shows that 98.6 percent of the dams being constructed in western China are located in high to moderate seismic hazard zones. $$$$$

April 15, 2012

New Zealand / Canterbury earthquake cost
An updated valuation of estimated Canterbury earthquake costs – including $450 million relating to the quake on 23 December 2011 – are reflected in the Government’s accounts for the eight months to 29 February. Combined with core Crown expenses remaining significantly below forecast, and core Crown tax revenue continuing to track below forecast, the extra earthquake costs left a $5.5 billion operating deficit before gains and losses in the eight months, Finance Minister Bill English says. $$$$

April 14, 2012

New Zealand / big earthquake interval occurrence
A recent study by GNS scientists, Otago University’s geology department and American researchers has found ruptures along the Alpine Fault seem to have occurred between 450 and 480 years apart. The research looks at the last three major earthquakes that occurred as far back as 750 AD. $$$$$

Japan / March 11 earthquake and tsunami impact on travel and tourism
A report commissioned by the WTTC says that the immediate impacts of the earthquake and tsunami on Japan’s Travel & Tourism were extremely stark as international arrivals were down 50% in March and then 62% in April. But it is clear that Travel & Tourism demand fully recovered in late 2011, ahead of activity in the wider economy and despite recent disruptions – boosted in no small part by the strength of the yen. Travel & Tourism is clearly set to make an increasing contribution to the wider economy in 2012. $$$$$

April 11, 2012

USA / UTAH / Salt Lake City / Upgrading housing to become earthquake resistant
If an earthquake were to strike the Wasatch Front, it could kill as many as 2,300 and injure more than 30,000, officials say, but much of this could be prevented if Utahns retrofitted their homes for seismic safety. The last earthquake of magnitude 5.5 or higher in Salt Lake City was in 1910, and Barry Welliver, a structural engineer, said he feels like “chicken little” warning people the sky is falling when he talks about the possibility of earthquakes in the state. $$$$$

April 10, 2012

Worldwide twitter earthquake alerts
The best of 4 worlds combined in 1 twitter account can be found @quakemail. At earthquake-report.com we decided to create an ultrafast twitter service sending alerts from earthquakes with a Magnitude 3.5 or higher and coming from USGS, EMSC, GFZ and GEONET. The main reason for this service is “speed”. Every service is absolutely great but depending on the area in the world where the earthquake strikes, one service is mostly faster than another one. The best accuracy of major earthquakes can be obtained by combining different alerts. And .. of course also this twitter account will receive notifications of the many in-depth articles we are writing.
@quakemail is the twitter account to follow.
Other twitter accounts from earthquake-report.com :
@OnlyQuakeNews : Get all the headlines of our earthquake-report.com articles + regular updates on ongoing events
@QuakeSOS : earthquake-report.com news + automatic earthquake notifications of USGS earthquakes of M 4.0 or higher with emphasis to earthquakes in the America’s and the Pacific Ocean sphere (4 and up) and a lot of the rest of the world (5 and up). This account was created for our QuakeSOS and QuakeSOS+ iPhone applications
@ShakingEarth : earthquake-report.com news + automatic earthquake notifications of EMSC earthquakes of M 4.0 or higher with emphasis to earthquakes in European and Asian / Middle East sphere (4 and up) and a lot of the rest of the world (5 and up). This account was originally created to stimulate our Facebook account

Preparedness / Early alert systems
The earthquake-report.com opinion : NO, they are not, but … with a proper use of the alert, many things can be done. Unfortunately, the vast majority of people are doing exactly the opposite of what they should do in such an event. After every major earthquake there is hype for “earthquake early warning systems” like smartphone apps, computer tools, etc. $$$$$

April 9, 2012

USA / Inland / Industrial generated earthquakes
A U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) team has found that a sharp jump in earthquakes in America’s heartland appears to be linked to oil and natural gas drilling operations. As hydraulic fracturing has exploded onto the scene, it has increasingly been connected to earthquakes. Some quakes may be caused by the original fracking — that is, by injecting a fluid mixture into the earth to release natural gas (or oil). More appear to be caused by re-injecting the resulting brine deep underground. $$$$$

April 8, 2012

Italy / l’Aquila 2009 earthquake
In the early morning of April 6, 2009 a 20 seconds lasting earthquake with magnitude 6,9 (followed later by weaker aftershocks) occurred near the city of L´Aquila (Abruzzo, Italy). More than 45 towns were affected, 308 people killed, 1.600 injured and more then 65.000 inhabitants were forced to leave their homes. Italy has a long and tragic history of earthquakes. The position between two large continental plates (the European and African) and various micro-plates of the Mediterranean Sea results in highly active seismicity all over the peninsula. $$$$$

April 7, 2012

Japan tsunami ghost ship gunned to the Pacific Ocean floor
A U.S. Coast Guard cutter unleashed cannon fire on the abandoned 164-foot Ryou-Un Maru on Thursday, ending a journey that began when last year’s tsunami dislodged it and set it adrift across the Pacific Ocean. It sank into waters more than 9,000 feet deep in the Gulf of Alaska, more than 150 miles from land.The crew pummeled the ghost ship with high explosive ammunition and, soon after, began to take on water and list, officials said. A huge column of smoke could be seen over the gulf.
Earthquake-report.com comment : We think that there were other solutions than sinking the ship. The army must have been able to tow the ship into an Alaska harbor and let it be investigated by scientists.  A big fishing vessel having drifted such a long time (more than 1 year) in the Pacific must have got an impressive load of valuable data on board.  This treasure has been gunned to the ocean floor. We respect the safety reasons (no light at night), but another final destiny would have been far better and more respectful.

Indonesia / Sumatra / preparedness drills
I’m thinking we can handle the next tsunami that comes to us from far away. It could be bigger than what hit on March 11, 2011, and there’s a good chance it won’t strike at low tide. But if we have five or more hours of warning, and continue to hold drills, test the systems, and educate people to stay out of the tsunami zone, we should do OK. I’m worried about the earthquake that happens right here and the tsunami surges that arrive as little as 10 minutes later. $$$$

April 6, 2012

Chile-Japan / cooperation on major natural disasters
Visiting Chilean President Sebastian Pinera told The Yomiuri Shimbun this week that the country will actively cooperate with Japan to prepare for natural disasters, as both countries have experienced earthquakes and tsunami. “Japan and Chile share the history of adversity…We are very interested in cooperating with [Japan] on how to face natural disasters, like earthquakes and tsunami,” Pinera said during an exclusive interview with The Yomiuri Shimbun on Wednesday. $$$$$

April 5, 2012

Pacific Midway Islands / Japan March 2011 tsunami / damage to ecosystem
Even though Midway Atoll is about 2,400 miles away from Japan, the tsunami waves that hit the three small islands just five hours after the 9.0 earthquake on March 10, 2011 caused an incredible amount of death and damage for the wildlife. While every person on the islands was safe, waiting for morning on the third floor of Charlie Hotel, one thought weighed heavily: what was going on outside? Everyone spent the next two days working to save any birds that were still alive, whether they were buried in debris or exhausted and floating in the water of the lagoon and harbor. $$$$

April 4, 2012

Japan / Kyushu / Potential tsunami risk
A 34-meter tsunami could hit the Japanese coast in the wake of a massive earthquake, an expert panel said after revising its worst case scenario projections following last year’s disaster. If a 9.0-magnitude quake struck in the Nankai Trough off central to western Japan, huge swathes of the Pacific coastline could be inundated, with 20-meter-plus waves hitting areas from Tokyo down to the southwestern island of Kyushu. $$$$$

April 3, 2012

Central America / New seismic hazard map
A new study evaluates the seismic hazards for the entire Central America, including specific assessments for six capital cities, with the greatest hazard expected for Guatemala City and San Salvador, followed by Managua and San José, and notably lower in Tegucigalpa and Panamá City. The study, published in the April issue of the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (BSSA), included input from seismic hazard experts from Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Panama, Norway and Spain. All seismic experts from Central American countries, except Belize, agree with the study assessments. $$$$$

April 2, 2012

Map courtesy Geology.gsapubs.org

USA / California / San Andres Fault / San Jacinto Fault
The San Jacinto Fault (SJF) Zone is a seismically active, major component of the overall southern San Andreas Fault system. Researchers from San Diego State University (SDSU) and U.S. Geological Survey have mapped evidence of past ruptures consistent with very large earthquakes along the Clark Fault, an individual strand associated with the SJF. $$$

Mexico / Earthquake insurance
Last week’s earthquake in Mexico destroyed 800 homes and caused over $ 100 million in insured damages and far more in uninsured losses. Insurer Mexpro reminds those who own Homes and Condos in Mexico to purchase earthquake insurance. With hundreds of thousands of Americans, Canadians, and Europeans owning Homes and Condos in Mexico, international insurance provider Mexpro reminds these property owners that having earthquake coverage is extremely important in Mexico. $$$$

April 1, 2012

USA / Virginia / earthquake insurance
State officials are reminding homeowners to review their insurance policies to see if they have earthquake insurance ahead of a new law that will require better disclosure if policies exclude such coverage. The State Corporation Commission’s Bureau of Insurance says damage from earthquakes is excluded under homeowners policies unless the coverage is purchased as an addition to the policy. $$$$

Armenia / Preparedness / Building code
The level of seismic activeness in our country was reviewed twice in the period of independence in 1994 and 2006, which resulted in the change of the standards of construction. Specialists say the newly constructed buildings in Armenia are ideal from the point of view of  seismic resistance. As for the Soviet-era buildings, their fortification is economically impossible. $$$$$

March 31, 2012

Japan / Fukushima Nuclear plant / evacuated areas
The government said Friday it will reclassify three partially evacuated municipalities near the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear plant in April to facilitate the return of their residents, officials said. The municipalities will be newly designated using three categories, depending on local levels of radiation. In areas where levels of 20 millisieverts or less per year are recorded, preparations will be made for evacuation orders to be lifted. The government’s current threshold for issuing mandatory evacuation directives is 20 millisieverts a year. $$$$$

Earthquake housing damage / earthquake resistant rebuilding
When a major earthquake strikes, workers with the American non-profit Build Change arrive in the damaged area when the emergency relief phase is over to investigate damaged and destroyed buildings. “We start out with a forensic engineering study to understand why houses collapsed in the earthquake and why they didn’t,” said Elizabeth Hausler, the group’s founder and CEO who is also a brick, block and stone mason with a doctorate in civil engineering. $$$$$

March 30, 2012

Japan / Tohoku earthquake and tsunami / Nuclear power plants
Assurances of the absolute safety of Japanese nuclear plants lulled the public and government into a false sense of security that was shattered a year ago when an earthquake and tsunami crippled the Fukushima Daiichi power plant, causing the worst nuclear disaster since Chernobyl. $$$$$

March 29, 2012

United Arab Emirates / seismological equipment
The Azerbaijani National Seismological Center (NSC) under the National Academy of Sciences in Azerbaijan has installed telemetry seismic stations in the UAE, the NSC said on Tuesday. The work was carried out under an agreement with U.S. Kinemetrics company, which is a supplier of seismic equipment. $$$$

March 28, 2012

USA / Wisconsin / Clintonville
The mystery shaking at Clintonville has finally been solved. A swarm of minor earthquakes caused the shaking.

Earthquake resistant warehouse racks
Storax mobile racking systems have always had a reputation for strength and reliability. This was put to the ultimate test two years ago in South America when the country suffered a massive earthquake. Storax’s mobile racking equipment remained largely undamaged despite the devastating force of the quake.Two years later, Storax is now completing a second installation for the same client in Chillan with the provision of a new mobile racking system capable of storing and handling 7,850 pallets. $$$$

March 26, 2012

USA / Wisconsin shaking
The mystery behind four days of unexplained shaking and odd sounds rattling Clintonville, Wisconsin, has been solved. The cause? A “swarm” of minor earthquakes amplified by the unique bedrock beneath the state of Wisconsin. $$$$

Image courtesy NRC

USA / Virginia earthquake / Nuclear plants / NRC
The earthquake that forced the emergency closure of Dominion Virginia Power’s North Anna nuclear plant made the Union of Concerned Scientists’ “near-miss” list for 2011. The 5.8-magnitude temblor struck Aug. 23, about 12 miles from North Anna. TheU.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commissiondispatched inspectors to the site and found that no radioactive material beyond what’s normal was released during the event. But they found that 25 of the 27 casks that store spent nuclear fuel moved 1/2 inch to a 4 1/2 inches during the quake, the union report says. They also determined that instruments designed to detect earthquake activity did not work properly, according to the report. $$$$$

March 25, 2012

Japan : Tsunami / Pacific Ocean / lost ship / drifting
The Pacific Ocean currents needed exactly 1 year and 14 days to float a 54 meter Hokkaido fishing ship, swept into the ocean on March 11 2011, to arrive 140 NM (Nautical miles)  from the Southern tip of Haida Gwaii.
The ship could miraculously stay afloat (it survived storms without any people on board)  . This will certainly be a tremendous study object for scientists.
It is believed that as many as 5 million tonnes of debris were swept into the ocean during the Japan Tohoku tsunami.  Based on what we see now, Canada may expect to harvest some of it !

USA / California / Tsunami preparedness
Today begins tsunami preparedness week in California. For the next week I am updating the series of My Word articles I wrote last year to discuss the lessons learned in the year since the Japan tsunami — noting what went right and underscoring what didn’t, and discussing what everyone should know to make ourselves safe from the next inevitable tsunami — whether it comes from across the Pacific or our own backyard. $$$$$

March 24, 2012

Japan / Helicopter acquired for FDMA
Since the major earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan on 11th March last year, various public sectors in Japan have been boosting their rotary-wing aircraft fleet, seeing the benefits of helicopters in times of large-scale disasters. Besides being able to carry out relief efforts safely and efficiently, helicopters also proved to be the fastest and safest mode of transport, as public transportation systems were badly affected. $$$

March 23, 2012

Japan / Historic tsunami advise and response
In late May, I was following the usual research routine of interviewing individuals involved at the various stages of the disaster response, and particularly those involved in the distribution of critical supplies as part of the relief effort. In a refugee centre on Miyatojima, at the entrance to Matsushima Bay, I stumbled on a story that taught me something unexpected: Collective memory, as much as science and engineering, may save your life. After a long day of field work, my colleagues and I were chatting with a community leader, Koutaro Ogata. He told us that he and his neighbours were aware that a large earthquake would generate tsunami and they knew what to do because “a thousand years ago” a massive earthquake and tsunami had wiped out Murohama. $$$$$

March 22, 2012

World / Economic disruption supply chain after an earthquake
With the one year anniversary of the Great East Japan Earthquake upon us, the wide scale destabilization caused by the tragic event has prompted extensive discussion about supply chain resilience. Following their annual survey, the Business Continuity Institute (BCI) followed up with those companies who had reported disruption to their supply chains, examining what the long term effects have been and as a result, what changes they will be making to their overall strategy. $$$

March 21, 2012

USA / California / San Diego / Nuclear Plant seismic studies
Starting work on new seismic studies for San Onofre began to get much more attention from the public after a massive 9.0 earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, led to an eventual triple meltdown at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant in Japan. $$$$

Canada / USA / Western states / Tsunami debris
As the massive field of lumber, refrigerators, fishing boats and other wreckage from last year’s Japanese tsunami drifts across the Pacific Ocean, state and provincial governments along coastal North America are planning what to do when pieces of the devastation arrive on their shores. $$$$$

March 19, 2012

USA / Earthquake Research Projects
The U.S. Geological Survey will award up to $7 million in grants and cooperative agreements for earthquake research in 2013. “These grants have a distinguished history of having supported excellent projects and people as an investment into reducing earthquake hazards,” said USGS Director Marcia McNutt. “Some of our current USGS operational products began as earthquake research grants that were then handed over to the agency for long-term implementation.” $$$$$

QuakeSOS+ and QuakeSOS free are iPhone applications developed by Armand Vervaeck, the founder of Earthquake Report. The Application simplifies immediate group communication to friends and family members (with your exact GPS location) and is feeding the users with Earthquake Report news. The 0.99 US$ QuakeSOS+ version will support the activities of SOS Earthquakes.

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Earthquake-Report.com headlines on twitter
@OnlyQuakeNews : Get all the headlines of our earthquake-report.com articles + regular updates on ongoing events
@QuakeSOS : earthquake-report.com news + automatic earthquake notifications of USGS earthquakes of M 4.0 or higher with emphasis to earthquakes in the America’s and the Pacific Ocean sphere (4 and up) and a lot of the rest of the world (5 and up). This account was created for our QuakeSOS and QuakeSOS+ iPhone applications
@ShakingEarth : earthquake-report.com news + automatic earthquake notifications of EMSC earthquakes of M 4.0 or higher with emphasis to earthquakes in European and Asian / Middle East sphere (4 and up) and a lot of the rest of the world (5 and up). This account was originally created to stimulate our Facebook account
@QuakeMaps : earthquake-report.com news with mapping notifications of ALL earthquakes M 3.0 and higher from all over the world via EMSC and USGS. This account was created for our http://www.quake-maps.com website

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Yes, I want to receive e-mail earthquake alerts based on the list/area below
[+] Read before you subscribe - click here

The selection of a weak Magnitude, a 24 hour delivery on a worldwide list would result in an avalanche of emails (each earthquake will generate an E-mail). A more selective Magnitude, delivery option and area of your interest will give the best result. As we have decided not to use a control panel or password, the parameters of your subscription can only be changed by canceling your subscription (link in each Email we send). To fine-tune your options, simply generate a new subscription. We will not share your E-mail with anyone else, it will be used only for earthquake alerts. Please make sure that you are white listing our emails as otherwise they may be deviated to your spam folder.
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Iran (geothermal plant)
Iran's first geothermal pilot plant would be built in Meshkin-Shahr town–northwestern Iran. Its wells have been drilled and Iran plans to establish the first 5-megawatt power plant on one of the wells. Also Iranian engineers have drilled a 35-km deep well in Sabalan mountains – located in northwestern Iran to use geothermal sources. $$$

Hostoric tsunamis
The eyewitness accounts, written in columns from right to left, top to bottom, testify that there was no warning of the tsunami, no shaking to drive villagers to high ground before the wave hit, drowning rice paddies and swamping a castle moat. The entries, written by merchants, peasants and samurai, all clearly mark the time and date: just after midnight on Wednesday, Jan. 27, 1700. $$$

Japan (massive Tokyo quake chances)
The possibility of a huge plate-boundary earthquake amplified by simultaneous moves in two or more focal areas beneath Tokyo has been increasing since the Great East Japan Earthquake, according to the University of Tokyo's Earthquake Research Institute. $$$

New Zealand (earthquake cost)
The cost of the deadly sequence of earthquakes in the New Zealand city of Christchurch has gone up, and will now likely top $17 billion. New Zealand's government on Tuesday more than doubled its initial liability estimate of $2.6 billion to $6 billion. The rest of the cost will be borne by private insurers. The cost of the quakes equates to about 10 percent of the country's annual economic output. $$$

Indonesia (Banda Aceh tsunami tourism)
The map handed to me at my hotel in Banda Aceh was marked with tourist spots. A tsunami museum, a boat swept onto the roof of a building, mass graves … I had heard the words "tsunami tourism" and was still wondering if it wasn't a little too much when I met Mr. Rahmadhani, 40, of the Aceh Culture and Tourism Agency. $$$

QuakeSOS+ and QuakeSOS free are iPhone applications developed by Armand Vervaeck, the founder of Earthquake Report. The Application simplifies immediate group communication to friends and family members (with your exact GPS location) and is feeding the users with Earthquake Report news. The 0.99 US$ QuakeSOS+ version will support the activities of SOS Earthquakes.

a

Earthquake-Report.com headlines on twitter
@OnlyQuakeNews : Get all the headlines of our earthquake-report.com articles + regular updates on ongoing events
@QuakeSOS : earthquake-report.com news + automatic earthquake notifications of USGS earthquakes of M 4.0 or higher with emphasis to earthquakes in the America's and the Pacific Ocean sphere (4 and up) and a lot of the rest of the world (5 and up). This account was created for our QuakeSOS and QuakeSOS+ iPhone applications
@ShakingEarth : earthquake-report.com news + automatic earthquake notifications of EMSC earthquakes of M 4.0 or higher with emphasis to earthquakes in European and Asian / Middle East sphere (4 and up) and a lot of the rest of the world (5 and up). This account was originally created to stimulate our Facebook account
@QuakeMaps : earthquake-report.com news with mapping notifications of ALL earthquakes M 3.0 and higher from all over the world via EMSC and USGS. This account was created for our http://www.quake-maps.com website

zTime goes here

Yes, I want to receive e-mail earthquake alerts based on the list/area below
[+] Read before you subscribe - click here

The selection of a weak Magnitude, a 24 hour delivery on a worldwide list would result in an avalanche of emails (each earthquake will generate an E-mail). A more selective Magnitude, delivery option and area of your interest will give the best result. As we have decided not to use a control panel or password, the parameters of your subscription can only be changed by canceling your subscription (link in each Email we send). To fine-tune your options, simply generate a new subscription. We will not share your E-mail with anyone else, it will be used only for earthquake alerts. Please make sure that you are white listing our emails as otherwise they may be deviated to your spam folder.
Delivery frequency	Immediately Every 60 minutes Once a day
E-mails start at Magnitude	2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
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USA Seismology (sampling the underground)
A team of scientists are drilling a mile and a half under the Earth and retrieving and studying rock samples that exist in fault zones in order to better understand the mechanics of earthquakes. $$$$$$

[There is a video that cannot be displayed in this feed. Visit the blog entry to see the video.]

Japan (Tsunami preparedness)
Local communities should be more involved in outlining measures to prepare for and react to future tsunamis, experts who have studied the March 11 disaster in Japan told a conference here Monday. “The local community design in crucial” when it comes to responding to the consequences of tsunamis, Yoshiyuki Kawazoe, an industrial science professor at Tokyo University, told a seminar at the World Water Week conference in Stockholm. $$$$$$

USA (Japan quake + computers)
The Air Force says computer links with some U.S. bases in the Pacific were severed by the earthquake and tsunami that hit Japan on March 11, but one of its cyber squadrons restored them within five hours. $$$

USA, New York (vulnerable brick buildings)
New York’s older brick buildings especially vulnerable to extreme events. Gilberto Mosqueda and co-researchers are investigating how old brick buildings in New York City would stand up to an earthquake or other extreme event.  $$$

USA, Pacific coast (tsunami evacuation)
When the next devastating earthquake strikes off the Northwest coast, it is expected to send a tsunami so fast that it could leave coastal communities with perhaps 20 minutes to escape the surge of water.For small towns like Long Beach, which sits on a long spit just above sea level, the wave’s speed will leave minimal options for getting away: People can literally run for the hills, but the first elevated areas are more than a mile to the east, difficult to reach and likely unknown to tourists. $$$

QuakeSOS+ and QuakeSOS free are iPhone applications developed by Armand Vervaeck, the founder of Earthquake Report. The Application simplifies immediate group communication to friends and family members (with your exact GPS location) and is feeding the users with Earthquake Report news. The 0.99 US$ QuakeSOS+ version will support the activities of SOS Earthquakes.

a

Earthquake-Report.com headlines on twitter
@OnlyQuakeNews : Get all the headlines of our earthquake-report.com articles + regular updates on ongoing events
@QuakeSOS : earthquake-report.com news + automatic earthquake notifications of USGS earthquakes of M 4.0 or higher with emphasis to earthquakes in the America’s and the Pacific Ocean sphere (4 and up) and a lot of the rest of the world (5 and up). This account was created for our QuakeSOS and QuakeSOS+ iPhone applications
@ShakingEarth : earthquake-report.com news + automatic earthquake notifications of EMSC earthquakes of M 4.0 or higher with emphasis to earthquakes in European and Asian / Middle East sphere (4 and up) and a lot of the rest of the world (5 and up). This account was originally created to stimulate our Facebook account
@QuakeMaps : earthquake-report.com news with mapping notifications of ALL earthquakes M 3.0 and higher from all over the world via EMSC and USGS. This account was created for our http://www.quake-maps.com website

zTime goes here

Yes, I want to receive e-mail earthquake alerts based on the list/area below
[+] Read before you subscribe - click here

The selection of a weak Magnitude, a 24 hour delivery on a worldwide list would result in an avalanche of emails (each earthquake will generate an E-mail). A more selective Magnitude, delivery option and area of your interest will give the best result. As we have decided not to use a control panel or password, the parameters of your subscription can only be changed by canceling your subscription (link in each Email we send). To fine-tune your options, simply generate a new subscription. We will not share your E-mail with anyone else, it will be used only for earthquake alerts. Please make sure that you are white listing our emails as otherwise they may be deviated to your spam folder.
Delivery frequency	Immediately Every 60 minutes Once a day
E-mails start at Magnitude	2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Enter your email address:

Japan (seismology to be blamed)
The president of the Seismological Society of Japan says his profession was partly to blame for the disaster at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant because of misleading forecasts of quake risks. Kazuro Hirahara, professor of seismology at Kyoto University, told The Asahi Shimbun that the March 11 temblor had driven home how little seismologists know about quakes. $$$$$$

Japan (tsunami tracked by radar)
The 8.9-magnitude (which may have been upgraded to a 9.0) earthquake that struck Japan triggered tsunamis across the region. Here, results from a computer model run by the Center for Tsunami Research at the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory show the expected wave heights of the tsunami as it travels across the Pacific basin. $$$

China (remembering 242,769 earthquake deaths)
July 28, 1976: A deadly magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurs in Tangshan in Hebei province which is believed to be produce the largest death toll of any earthquake of the 20th century. This earthquake occurred in the northeastern part of China, near the coast. The epicenter was centered about 140 kilometers southeast of Beijing, in the vicinity of Tangshan. The first earthquake, magnitude 7.5, was followed by a major aftershock 15 hours later. According to official sources, the two earthquakes killed 242,769 people, although some estimates of the death toll are as high as 655,000. Over 799,000 people were injured. Aftershocks in the 5.0-5.5 range continued after the main shock. Damage extended as far as Beijing. The link is showing the pictures of the memorial ceremony and from the Tangshan museum. $$$

New Zealand (Christchurch building demolition)
Demolition work is being carried out on around 100 buildings in quake-stricken Christchurch‘s central business district red zone, but there is much to do and safety is top priority. Civil Defence planning and transition director Baden Ewart said today that work was being done as fast as possible. $$$

Haiti (Orphans home)
This past month, high schoolers from Wheaton Bible Church broke a sweat under the hot Haitian sun doing construction work for Kids Alive International. Kids Alive International (KAI) encourages church youth groups to join them on mission trips to some of the most impoverished countries where the message of God’s love is desperately needed. $$$

QuakeSOS+ and QuakeSOS free are iPhone applications developed by Armand Vervaeck, the founder of Earthquake Report. The Application simplifies immediate group communication to friends and family members (with your exact GPS location) and is feeding the users with Earthquake Report news. The 0.99 US$ QuakeSOS+ version will support the activities of SOS Earthquakes.

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Earthquake-Report.com headlines on twitter
@OnlyQuakeNews : Get all the headlines of our earthquake-report.com articles + regular updates on ongoing events
@QuakeSOS : earthquake-report.com news + automatic earthquake notifications of USGS earthquakes of M 4.0 or higher with emphasis to earthquakes in the America’s and the Pacific Ocean sphere (4 and up) and a lot of the rest of the world (5 and up). This account was created for our QuakeSOS and QuakeSOS+ iPhone applications
@ShakingEarth : earthquake-report.com news + automatic earthquake notifications of EMSC earthquakes of M 4.0 or higher with emphasis to earthquakes in European and Asian / Middle East sphere (4 and up) and a lot of the rest of the world (5 and up). This account was originally created to stimulate our Facebook account
@QuakeMaps : earthquake-report.com news with mapping notifications of ALL earthquakes M 3.0 and higher from all over the world via EMSC and USGS. This account was created for our http://www.quake-maps.com website

zTime goes here

Yes, I want to receive e-mail earthquake alerts based on the list/area below
[+] Read before you subscribe - click here

The selection of a weak Magnitude, a 24 hour delivery on a worldwide list would result in an avalanche of emails (each earthquake will generate an E-mail). A more selective Magnitude, delivery option and area of your interest will give the best result. As we have decided not to use a control panel or password, the parameters of your subscription can only be changed by canceling your subscription (link in each Email we send). To fine-tune your options, simply generate a new subscription. We will not share your E-mail with anyone else, it will be used only for earthquake alerts. Please make sure that you are white listing our emails as otherwise they may be deviated to your spam folder.
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Japan (important drilling research)
An international research team will use the deep-sea drilling vessel Chikyu to bore into an area where two tectonic plates meet to study the movements of the plates that caused the Great East Japan Earthquake, according to sources. The vessel will drill about 1,000 meters through the seabed in waters off Miyagi Prefecture in an area of greatest tectonic movement at the time of the March 11 earthquake, and bedrock samples will be examined. The seabed is from 6,000 to 7,000 meters below sea level. $$$$$$

United States (alternative prediction research)
A Silicon Valley company is assembling a sprawling network of electrical contraptions across California that its investors hope will prove many seismologists wrong and become a valuable public-safety tool that reliably predicts earthquakes. $$$$$$

USA-Mexico (fault line shape)
Like scars that remain on the skin long after a wound has healed, earthquake fault lines can be traced on Earth’s surface long after their initial rupture. Typically, this line of intersection between the area where the fault slips and the ground is more complicated at the surface than at depth. But a new study of the April 4, 2010, El Mayor–Cucapah earthquake in Mexico reveals a reversal of this trend. While the fault involved in the event appeared to be superficially straight, the fault zone is warped and complicated at depth. $$$$$$

Krakatau (book)
The Krakatoa Volcano story is in Simon Winchester’s 2003 book (HarperCollins) Krakatoa, The Day The World Exploded, August 1883. It is a page turner for the clear narration of facts, the comprehensive scientific explanation of what makes Krakatoa what it is as well as a historical account of volcanoes and their volcanic activity from prehistoric times to our day. $$$

Volcano (Shiveluch)
Russia’s northernmost active volcano is churning out ash to a height of over 6,000 meters (20,000 feet) in the country’s Far East, local scientists reported on Saturday. The 3,283-meter (10,771-foot) Shiveluch volcano increased activity in May 2009 and has been periodically spewing ash from three to 10 kilometers. $$$

QuakeSOS+ and QuakeSOS free are iPhone applications developed by Armand Vervaeck, the founder of Earthquake Report. The Application simplifies immediate group communication to friends and family members (with your exact GPS location) and is feeding the users with Earthquake Report news. The 0.99 US$ QuakeSOS+ version will support the activities of SOS Earthquakes.

a

Earthquake-Report.com headlines on twitter
@OnlyQuakeNews : Get all the headlines of our earthquake-report.com articles + regular updates on ongoing events
@QuakeSOS : earthquake-report.com news + automatic earthquake notifications of USGS earthquakes of M 4.0 or higher with emphasis to earthquakes in the America’s and the Pacific Ocean sphere (4 and up) and a lot of the rest of the world (5 and up). This account was created for our QuakeSOS and QuakeSOS+ iPhone applications
@ShakingEarth : earthquake-report.com news + automatic earthquake notifications of EMSC earthquakes of M 4.0 or higher with emphasis to earthquakes in European and Asian / Middle East sphere (4 and up) and a lot of the rest of the world (5 and up). This account was originally created to stimulate our Facebook account
@QuakeMaps : earthquake-report.com news with mapping notifications of ALL earthquakes M 3.0 and higher from all over the world via EMSC and USGS. This account was created for our http://www.quake-maps.com website

zTime goes here

Yes, I want to receive e-mail earthquake alerts based on the list/area below
[+] Read before you subscribe - click here

The selection of a weak Magnitude, a 24 hour delivery on a worldwide list would result in an avalanche of emails (each earthquake will generate an E-mail). A more selective Magnitude, delivery option and area of your interest will give the best result. As we have decided not to use a control panel or password, the parameters of your subscription can only be changed by canceling your subscription (link in each Email we send). To fine-tune your options, simply generate a new subscription. We will not share your E-mail with anyone else, it will be used only for earthquake alerts. Please make sure that you are white listing our emails as otherwise they may be deviated to your spam folder.
Delivery frequency	Immediately Every 60 minutes Once a day
E-mails start at Magnitude	2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
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New Zealand (Goldfish lucky escape)
Two goldfish, named Shaggy and Daphne after characters from the animated television show Scooby Doo, have become the smallest and hardiest survivors of the devastating February earthquake in Christchurch that killed 181 people. The fish spent four and a half months – 134 days – trapped in their tank in the city’s off-limits downtown without anyone to feed them or even any electricity to power their tank filter before they were discovered this month and rescued. $$$

Pets and earthquakes
All too often when a disaster strikes pets are left to fend for themselves and end up lost, injured or killed. The best way to avoid this tragic scenario is to have a well thought out disaster plan that includes your pet, so that you know where to go and what to take, according to the Insurance Information Institute (I.I.I.). $$$

New Zealand (irresponsible press)
Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Minister Gerry Brownlee has slammed a newspaper report which said a decision about orange zoned land in Kaiapoi would be due next week. Mr Brownlee says the “irresponsible” report in the Christchurch Press was “pure speculation” and insensitive to people living in the area. $$$

Japan (free afterlife names)
A growing number of Buddhist temples in areas devastated by the Great East Japan Earthquake are waiving fees for giving “kaimyo,” or afterlife names, to those who died in the disaster. However, some temples are complaining about the spread of the custom, fearing a decrease in their incomes. Kaimyo is given to a dead person as recognition that he or she has become a disciple of Buddha. $$$

Japan (light boxes and earthquake victims)
In the Taro district of Miyako, Iwate Prefecture, one of the hardest-hit areas by a devastating tsunami following the Great East Japan Earthquake, residents are making traditional Japanese “andon” light boxes, hoping the lights will brighten the future of their ravaged hometown. On Aug. 11, the five-month anniversary of the March 11 quake, local residents will place 3,000 andon light boxes with candles lit inside on a massive 1-kilometer coastal levee–once the symbol of protection against disasters for the district’s residents–as well as a road leading to a nearby temple. $$$

QuakeSOS+ and QuakeSOS free are iPhone applications developed by Armand Vervaeck, the founder of Earthquake Report. The Application simplifies immediate group communication to friends and family members (with your exact GPS location) and is feeding the users with Earthquake Report news. The 0.99 US$ QuakeSOS+ version will support the activities of SOS Earthquakes.

a

Earthquake-Report.com headlines on twitter
@OnlyQuakeNews : Get all the headlines of our earthquake-report.com articles + regular updates on ongoing events
@QuakeSOS : earthquake-report.com news + automatic earthquake notifications of USGS earthquakes of M 4.0 or higher with emphasis to earthquakes in the America’s and the Pacific Ocean sphere (4 and up) and a lot of the rest of the world (5 and up). This account was created for our QuakeSOS and QuakeSOS+ iPhone applications
@ShakingEarth : earthquake-report.com news + automatic earthquake notifications of EMSC earthquakes of M 4.0 or higher with emphasis to earthquakes in European and Asian / Middle East sphere (4 and up) and a lot of the rest of the world (5 and up). This account was originally created to stimulate our Facebook account
@QuakeMaps : earthquake-report.com news with mapping notifications of ALL earthquakes M 3.0 and higher from all over the world via EMSC and USGS. This account was created for our http://www.quake-maps.com website

zTime goes here

Yes, I want to receive e-mail earthquake alerts based on the list/area below
[+] Read before you subscribe - click here

The selection of a weak Magnitude, a 24 hour delivery on a worldwide list would result in an avalanche of emails (each earthquake will generate an E-mail). A more selective Magnitude, delivery option and area of your interest will give the best result. As we have decided not to use a control panel or password, the parameters of your subscription can only be changed by canceling your subscription (link in each Email we send). To fine-tune your options, simply generate a new subscription. We will not share your E-mail with anyone else, it will be used only for earthquake alerts. Please make sure that you are white listing our emails as otherwise they may be deviated to your spam folder.
Delivery frequency	Immediately Every 60 minutes Once a day
E-mails start at Magnitude	2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Enter your email address:

United States (South Dakota quake)
South Dakota’s capital city was shaken by a mild earthquake Tuesday afternoon, and while the temblor caused no reported damage, it had some people  wondering where the explosion was. The quake, a rare occurrence in South Dakota, had a  preliminary magnitude of 3.4. It struck at 2:45 p.m. with its epicenter about a mile northwest of Pierre. $$$

New Zealand (Christchurch CTV building collapse)
One of New Zealand’s most highly respected structural engineers says there was no need for scores of people to die in a landmark Christchurch building that collapsed during February’s earthquake. Of the 181 people killed in the February 22 quake, 116 of them died in the calamitous collapse of the six-storey CTV (Canterbury Television) building. $$$

Japan (relief aid from Indian spiritual leader)
Sri Mata Amritanandamayi Devi, or Amma (Mother) to her millions of devotees across the world, announced a donation of one million U.S. dollars (Approximately 4.5 crores) towards the relief and rehabilitation of Japanese disaster victims, particularly for the education of children who lost both their parents in the devastating March 11 tsunami. $$$

Japan (architect helping Sendai)
On March 11, Abe, an architect, was at his home in Los Angeles. After a frantic few days, he finally managed to confirm the safety of his parents at his family home in Sendai. Abe’s ancestors up to his great-grandfather’s generation were samurai in the powerful Date Clan of northern Japan, which partly explains his strong connection with Sendai. “It was traumatic to learn of the damage suffered by my hometown while I was so far away. I felt a great deal of guilt over the fact that I wasn’t there,” Abe said. $$$

Japan (tsunami cars stolen and sold overseas)
In the days following the March 11 Great East Japan Earthquake, the absence of looters in the disaster-ravaged areas was viewed with amazement by the rest of the world. However, more than four months after the quake and tsunami ravaged northeast Japan, investigations have begun into allegations that unscrupulous individuals have been exporting affected vehicles–some stolen even from the municipal parking lots where they were temporarily stored. $$$

QuakeSOS+ and QuakeSOS free are iPhone applications developed by Armand Vervaeck, the founder of Earthquake Report. The Application simplifies immediate group communication to friends and family members (with your exact GPS location) and is feeding the users with Earthquake Report news. The 0.99 US$ QuakeSOS+ version will support the activities of SOS Earthquakes.

a

Earthquake-Report.com headlines on twitter
@OnlyQuakeNews : Get all the headlines of our earthquake-report.com articles + regular updates on ongoing events
@QuakeSOS : earthquake-report.com news + automatic earthquake notifications of USGS earthquakes of M 4.0 or higher with emphasis to earthquakes in the America’s and the Pacific Ocean sphere (4 and up) and a lot of the rest of the world (5 and up). This account was created for our QuakeSOS and QuakeSOS+ iPhone applications
@ShakingEarth : earthquake-report.com news + automatic earthquake notifications of EMSC earthquakes of M 4.0 or higher with emphasis to earthquakes in European and Asian / Middle East sphere (4 and up) and a lot of the rest of the world (5 and up). This account was originally created to stimulate our Facebook account
@QuakeMaps : earthquake-report.com news with mapping notifications of ALL earthquakes M 3.0 and higher from all over the world via EMSC and USGS. This account was created for our http://www.quake-maps.com website

zTime goes here

Yes, I want to receive e-mail earthquake alerts based on the list/area below
[+] Read before you subscribe - click here

The selection of a weak Magnitude, a 24 hour delivery on a worldwide list would result in an avalanche of emails (each earthquake will generate an E-mail). A more selective Magnitude, delivery option and area of your interest will give the best result. As we have decided not to use a control panel or password, the parameters of your subscription can only be changed by canceling your subscription (link in each Email we send). To fine-tune your options, simply generate a new subscription. We will not share your E-mail with anyone else, it will be used only for earthquake alerts. Please make sure that you are white listing our emails as otherwise they may be deviated to your spam folder.
Delivery frequency	Immediately Every 60 minutes Once a day
E-mails start at Magnitude	2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Enter your email address:

Oil industry (fracking and earthquakes)
Opponents of fracking, a oil and gas drilling technique, say it may increase the risk of earthquakes. Using horizontal hydraulic fracturing (fracking), a mixture of water, sand and chemicals is injected at extreme pressure to crack open rock, boosting petroleum flow. The Climate Justice Taranaki lobby group says it’s potentially lethal to frack near fault lines. Fracking was halted in north west England in June after two small earthquakes in the Blackpool area. They were magnitude 1.5 and 2.3. $$$

Geologic history
U.S. and international geologists say they’ve discovered a billion-year-old piece of North America they can trace back to Antarctica. Researchers say it’s the strongest evidence yet found suggesting North America and Antarctica were connected 1.1 billion years ago, long before the supercontinent Pangaea formed, a Geological Society of America release reported Monday. $$$

Japan (backup Tokyo)
Japan is considering the possibility of creating a back-up capital city in case a major natural disaster, like the March 11 earthquake, strikes Tokyo. A new panel from Japan’s Ministry of Land and Infrastructure will consider the possibility of moving some of Tokyo’s capital functions to another big city, like Osaka. $$$$$$

New Zealand (earthquake resistant building)
Advanced, cost-effective earthquake resistant technology, essential for the rebuilding of Christchurch and all future construction in New Zealand, is already available here says the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering. NZSEE Executive Officer Win Clark said that base isolation and Precast Seismic Structural Systems (PRESSS) should be considered for all new buildings of up to nine storeys, and other technologies are available for more high-rise construction. $$$$$$

Oceans and thermal energy (ridges)
The Irish-led VENTuRE scientific expedition aboard the national research vessel RV Celtic Explorer has discovered a previously uncharted field of hydrothermal vents along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge – the first to be explored north of the Azores. $$$

QuakeSOS+ and QuakeSOS free are iPhone applications developed by Armand Vervaeck, the founder of Earthquake Report. The Application simplifies immediate group communication to friends and family members (with your exact GPS location) and is feeding the users with Earthquake Report news. The 0.99 US$ QuakeSOS+ version will support the activities of SOS Earthquakes.

a

Earthquake-Report.com headlines on twitter
@OnlyQuakeNews : Get all the headlines of our earthquake-report.com articles + regular updates on ongoing events
@QuakeSOS : earthquake-report.com news + automatic earthquake notifications of USGS earthquakes of M 4.0 or higher with emphasis to earthquakes in the America’s and the Pacific Ocean sphere (4 and up) and a lot of the rest of the world (5 and up). This account was created for our QuakeSOS and QuakeSOS+ iPhone applications
@ShakingEarth : earthquake-report.com news + automatic earthquake notifications of EMSC earthquakes of M 4.0 or higher with emphasis to earthquakes in European and Asian / Middle East sphere (4 and up) and a lot of the rest of the world (5 and up). This account was originally created to stimulate our Facebook account
@QuakeMaps : earthquake-report.com news with mapping notifications of ALL earthquakes M 3.0 and higher from all over the world via EMSC and USGS. This account was created for our http://www.quake-maps.com website

zTime goes here

Yes, I want to receive e-mail earthquake alerts based on the list/area below
[+] Read before you subscribe - click here

The selection of a weak Magnitude, a 24 hour delivery on a worldwide list would result in an avalanche of emails (each earthquake will generate an E-mail). A more selective Magnitude, delivery option and area of your interest will give the best result. As we have decided not to use a control panel or password, the parameters of your subscription can only be changed by canceling your subscription (link in each Email we send). To fine-tune your options, simply generate a new subscription. We will not share your E-mail with anyone else, it will be used only for earthquake alerts. Please make sure that you are white listing our emails as otherwise they may be deviated to your spam folder.
Delivery frequency	Immediately Every 60 minutes Once a day
E-mails start at Magnitude	2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Enter your email address: